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Website Links:
[1] Magazine Publishers of America, Market Profile: Teenagers! (NY: Magazine Publishers of America, 2000), http://www.magazine.org (accessed June 4, 2004).
[2]The Taylor Research & Consulting Group, Taylor Kids Pulse: Where the Wired Things Are, as cited in Teen Media Monitor: Teen Girls, The Kaiser Family Foundation 2:1 (October 2003).
[3]National Eating Disorders Association. National Eating Disorders Association Unveils Powerful & Provocative Ad Campaign. February 26, 2009.
[4] "The Complicated Art of Airbrushing Abdominals." Jezebel, October 7, 2010. <http://jezebel.com/5658169/the-complicated-art-of-creating-abdominals?tag=photoshopofhorrors>
[6] Copeland, Libby. "How advertisers create body anxieties women didn't know they had and then sell them the solution." Slate, April 14, 2011.
[7] "The Self-Activation Effect of Advertisements: Ads Can Affect Whether and How Consumers Think About the Self,” by Debra Trampe, Diederik A. Stapel and Frans W. Siero, The Journal of Consumer Research.
[8] Dirk Smeesters, Thomas Mussweiler, and Naomi Mandel. "The Effects of Thin and Heavy Media Images on Overweight and Underweight Consumers: Social Comparison Processes and Behavioral Implications." Journal of Consumer Research: April 2010.
[9] "Real curves on models don't always appeal." March 17, 2010.
[10] “Fashion retailer Jacob stops photo retouching," September 3, 2010
[11] Kilbourne, J. (1999). Can’t buy my love. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster
[12] Peter Walker. “Young, white and super skinny? We don't buy it, women tell advertisers." The Guardian, January 10, 2010.
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False beauty in advertising and the pressure to look 'good'
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- Famous ad man David Ogilvy once said astutely, "I do not regard advertising as entertainment or an art form, but as a medium of information."
- used to present information not only of politics but social consciousness.
- NEGATIVE ADVERTISING- can be put to criticize or put down competition
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- Advertising, particularly for fashion and cosmetics, has a powerful effect on how we see ourselves and how we think we should look. Women's magazines in particular have a tremendous influence on body image, with researchers reporting that teenage girls rely heavily on them for information on beauty and fashion [1], valuing their advice nearly as highly as that of their peers. [2]
- there is a progression towards thinner and thinner models.
- twenty years ago, the average model weighed 8 per cent less than the average woman – but today’s models weigh 23 per cent less. [3]
- Everyone is Photoshoped even though they are thinner than what can look true. [4]
- for over a century, advertisements have appealed to women's insecurities in hopes to sell products.
- women are shown images such as shoes and purses and in context of fictional ads. They are more likely to answer negatively to questions like "How attractive do you find yourself?" or "How satisfied are you with your body?" than if they saw the same pictures in a neutral context. [7]
- There is recent news that items that make customers insecure decrease the customer's interest in the product.
Website Links:
[1] Magazine Publishers of America, Market Profile: Teenagers! (NY: Magazine Publishers of America, 2000), http://www.magazine.org (accessed June 4, 2004).
[2]The Taylor Research & Consulting Group, Taylor Kids Pulse: Where the Wired Things Are, as cited in Teen Media Monitor: Teen Girls, The Kaiser Family Foundation 2:1 (October 2003).
[3]National Eating Disorders Association. National Eating Disorders Association Unveils Powerful & Provocative Ad Campaign. February 26, 2009.
[4] "The Complicated Art of Airbrushing Abdominals." Jezebel, October 7, 2010. <http://jezebel.com/5658169/the-complicated-art-of-creating-abdominals?tag=photoshopofhorrors>
[6] Copeland, Libby. "How advertisers create body anxieties women didn't know they had and then sell them the solution." Slate, April 14, 2011.
[7] "The Self-Activation Effect of Advertisements: Ads Can Affect Whether and How Consumers Think About the Self,” by Debra Trampe, Diederik A. Stapel and Frans W. Siero, The Journal of Consumer Research.
[8] Dirk Smeesters, Thomas Mussweiler, and Naomi Mandel. "The Effects of Thin and Heavy Media Images on Overweight and Underweight Consumers: Social Comparison Processes and Behavioral Implications." Journal of Consumer Research: April 2010.
[9] "Real curves on models don't always appeal." March 17, 2010.
[10] “Fashion retailer Jacob stops photo retouching," September 3, 2010
[11] Kilbourne, J. (1999). Can’t buy my love. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster
[12] Peter Walker. “Young, white and super skinny? We don't buy it, women tell advertisers." The Guardian, January 10, 2010.
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False beauty in advertising and the pressure to look 'good'
- smoothing skin and erasing wrinkles, enlarging muscles, slimming waists, airbrushing, or "photoshopping" is the norm in Advertising.
- for some, the desire to look like models can become all-consuming.
- People can now develop mental disorders, turn to diet pills or steroids, or even try Botox injections and cosmetic surgery.
- 1 in 4 people are depressed about their body
- almost a THIRD of women say they would sacrifice a year of life for the ideal body weight and shape.
- almost HALF of girls think the pressure to look good is the worst part of being a female.
- study on girls 5-7- when exposed to thin dolls like Barbie, they want to look thinner compared to those who say dolls with a healthier shape.
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